SarawakSarawak has an abundance of natural resources. LNG and petroleum have provided the mainstay of the Malaysia federal government's economy for decades while State of Sarawak only get 5% royalty from it. Sarawak is also one of the world's largest exporters of tropical hardwood timber and is the major contributor to Malaysian exports. This has led to wide scale deforestation of Sarawak's rainforest. The last UN statistics estimated Sarawak's sawlog exports at an average of 14,109,000 m³ between 1996 and 2000 [5].
With such vast land expanse, Sarawak has large tracts of land suitable for commercial agricultural development. Approximately 32% or about 40,000 km² of the state's total land area has been identified as suitable agricultural land. Nevertheless, less than 9% of this is planted with productive permanent crops, while the balance is still under shifting cultivation for hill paddy (rice) which is estimated at more than 16,000 km². The main commercial crops are oil palm, which has been increasing steadily over the years, sago, and pepper.
Since the 1980s, Sarawak has started to diversify and transform its economy into a more industrialised one. This endeavour has been seeing continuing success, with manufacturing and high-tech industries now playing a significant role in shaping the economic expansion of the state.
As the largest state in Malaysia, Sarawak aims to be a fully developed state along with the rest of the country by 2020. Sarawak has identified four sectors as key sources of growth:
The availability of vast competitively-priced land and rich reserves of natural resources has made Sarawak an attractive choice for manufacturing operations among investors.
Sarawak's rainforests have been gradually depleted by the demand driven by the logging industry and the following introduction of palm oil plantations. Many of Sarawak's rural communities have felt changes affected by the economic activity of these industries. Peaceful protests and timber blockades between native communities and logging companies are common, often resulting in preventive police action. The Penan, Borneo's nomadic hunter gatherers have been most affected by these changes, complaining of illness through polluted rivers, game depletion resulting in widespread hunger and loss of traditional medicines and forest products. Their resistance to logging companies culminated in a series of protests and timber blockades in the 1990s, of which many were dismantled by the Police, within the remit of the Law. The Penan claim that their rights are not respected by the State nor by logging companies [4]. Another example, the native customary rights court case of Rumah Nor in the Kemena Basin gave rural communities engaged in subsistence farming hope for continued communal use of land reserves. Although the Court of Appeal ruled against Rumah Nor on the grounds that they had not produced sufficient evidence for their claim, it nevertheless upheld the principles stated by the lower court. These principles are the basis of not only Rumah Nor's claim, but of the claims of all Sarawak's native communities, namely, (i) that native customary rights are NOT created by legislation, although they can be extinguished by legislation, on condition of adequate compensation, and (ii) that these communities have a territory including forest reserves and rivers, and farmland, including land under fallow. Thus, although the Court of Appeal ruled against Rumah Nor's specific claims, it upheld the lower court's ruling in favour of Rumah Nor with regard to the general principles. In this sense, it represents a significant blow to the state's claims that native customary rights comprise only those rights recognised by the state through its legislation.
The problems caused by logging in Sarawak were starkly illustrated in Bruce Parry's BBC TV series, Tribe in 2007 (Series 3). He spent time living with the Penan and was shown some of the effects and heard them voice their concerns. No response or defence has been offered by any of the political elite. What remains clear is that entering politics remains a route to wealth in Sarawak, as in Malaysia more generally, so long as one remains subservient to those at the 'top' (unless one is at the 'top')
Sarawak has more than 40 sub-ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language, culture and lifestyle. Cities and larger towns are populated predominantly by Malays, Melanaus, Chinese, and a smaller percentage of Ibans and Bidayuhs who have migrated from their home-villages for employment reasons. Sarawak is rather distinctive from the rest of Malaysia in that there is only a small community of Indians living in the state.
The Ibans comprise the largest percentage (almost 34%) of Sarawak's population. Formerly reputed to be the most formidable headhunters on the island of Borneo, the Ibans of today are a generous, hospitable and placid people.[citation needed] Because of their history as pirates and fishermen, they were conventionally referred to as the "Sea Dayaks". The early Iban settlers who migrated from Kalimantan (the Indonesian part of Borneo south of Sarawak) via the Kapuas River and crossed over the Kelingkang range and set up home in the river valleys of Batang Ai, the Skrang River, Saribas, and the Rajang River. The Ibans dwell in longhouses, a stilted structure comprising many rooms housing a whole community of families.[citation needed]
An Iban longhouse may still display head trophies or antu pala. These suspended heads mark a tribal victory and were a source of honor. The Dayak Iban ceased practicing headhunting in the 1930s.[citation needed]
The Ibans are renowned for their Pua Kumbu (traditional Iban weavings), silver craft, wooden carvings and bead work. Iban tattoos, which were originally symbols of bravery among Iban warriors, have become amongst the most distinctive in the world.[citation needed] The Ibans are also famous for their tuak, a sweet rice wine which is served during big celebrations and festive occasions.
A majority of Ibans practice Christianity. However, like most other ethnic groups in Sarawak, they still observe many of their traditional rituals and beliefs. Sarawak celebrates colourful festivals such as the Gawai Dayak (harvest festival), Gawai Kenyalang (hornbill, or the god of war festival), penuaian padi and Gawai Antu (festival of the dead).
The Chinese first came to Sarawak as traders and explorers in the 6th century. Today, they make up 26% of the population of Sarawak and consist of communities built from the economic migrants of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The first Chinese (Hakka) migrants worked as labourers in the gold mines at Bau or on plantations. Through their clan associations, business acumen and work ethic, the Chinese organised themselves economically and rapidly dominated commerce. Today, the Chinese are amongst Sarawak's most prosperous ethnic groups.
The Sarawak Chinese belong to a wide range of dialect groups, the most significant being Hakka (dialect|Hakka), Hokkien(dialect|Hokkien), Teochew(Dialect|Teochew), Hailam(dialect|Hailam), Foochow(dialect|Foochow) and Henghua(Dialect|Henghua). Whereas Hakka is spoken predominantly by the farmers in the interior, Hokkien and Teochew are the dominant dialect spoken within the major trading towns and among early traders and businessmen. Hailam were well-known as coffee-shop operators, the Henghua is famous as fishermen. (Notable differences from those who presided in West Malaysia, the most common spoken dialect among all the differing groups was Cantonese). Mandarin however was and still is the unifying language spoken by all the different dialectic groups.(Both East and West Malaysia) The Chinese maintain their ethnic heritage and culture and celebrate all the major cultural festivals, most notably Chinese New Year and the Hungry Ghost Festival. The Sarawak Chinese are predominantly Buddhists and Christians.
The Malays make up 21% of the population in Sarawak. Traditionally fishermen, these seafaring people chose to form settlements on the banks of the many rivers of Sarawak. Today, many Malays have migrated to the cities where they are heavily involved in the public and private sectors and taken up various professions. Malay villages (kampungs) - a cluster of wooden houses on stilts, many of which are still located by rivers on the outskirts of major towns and cities, play home to traditional cottage industries. The Malays are famed for their wood carvings, silver and brass craftings as well as traditional Malays textile weaving with silver and gold thread (kain songket).
Malays are Muslim by religion, having been converted to the faith some 600 years ago with the Islamification of their native region. Their religion is reflected in their culture and art and Islamic symbolism is evident in local architecture - from homes to government buildings.
The Melanaus have been thought to be amongst the original settlers of Sarawak. Originally from Mukah (the 10th Administrative Division as launched in March 2002), the Melanaus traditionally lived in tall houses. Nowadays, they have adopted a Malay lifestyle, living in kampong-type settlements. Traditionally, Melanaus were fishermen and still today, they are reputed as some of the finest boat-builders and craftsmen.
While the Melanaus are ethnically different from the Malays, their lifestyles and practices are quite similar especially in the larger towns and cities where most Melanau have adopted the Islamic faith.
The Melanaus were believed to originally worship spirits in a practice verging on paganism. Today most of them are Muslim and some are Christians, though they still celebrate traditional animist festivals such as the annual Kaul Festival.
Concentrated mainly on the West end of Borneo, the Bidayuhs make up 10% of the population in Sarawak are now most numerous in the hill counties of Bau and Serian, within half an hour drive from Kuching.
Historically, as other tribes were migrating into Sarawak and forming settlements (particularly the Malays from the neighbouring archipelagos as they shore up along the coastal areas and riversides) the peace-loving, meek-natured Bidayuhs retreated further inland, hence earning them the name of "Land Dayaks n land owners". The word Bidayuh in itself literally means "land people" in Biatah dialect. In Bau-Jagoi/Singai dialect, the pronunciation is "Bidoyoh" which also carry the same meaning.
The traditional community construction of the Bidayuh is the "baruk", a roundhouse that rises about 1.5 metres off the ground. It serves as the granary and the meeting house for the settlement's community. Longhouses were typical in the olden days, similar to that of the Ibans.
Typical of the Sarawak indigenous groups, the Bidayuhs are well-known for their hospitality, and are reputed to be the best makers of tuak, or rice wine. They also do arak tonok,some kind of moonshine.
The Bidayuhs speak a number of different but related dialects. Some Bidayuhs speak either English or Malay as their main language. While some of them still practice traditional religions, the majority of modern-day Bidayuhs have adopted the Christian faith.
The phrase Orang Ulu means upriver people and is a term used to collectively describe the numerous tribes that live upriver in Sarawak's vast interior. Such groups include the major Kayan and Kenyah tribes, and the smaller neighbouring groups of the Kajang, Kejaman, Punan, Ukit, and Penan. Nowadays, the definition also includes the down-river tribes of the Lun Bawang, Lun Dayeh(mean upriver/far upstream), Berawan, Saban as well as the plateau-dwelling Kelabits. The various Orang Ulu groups together make up roughly 5.5% of Sarawak's population. The Orang Ulu are artistic people with longhouses elaborately decorated with murals and woodcarvings. They are also well-known for their intricate beadwork and detailed tattoos. The Orang Ulu tribe can also be identified by their unique music - distinctive sounds from their sape, a stringed instrument not unlike the mandolin.
A vast majority of the Orang Ulu tribe are Christians but traditional religions are still practiced in some areas.
Some of the major tribes making up the Orang Ulu group include :
There are approximately 15,000 Kayans in Sarawak. The Kayan tribe built their longhouses in the northern interiors of Sarawak midway on the Baram River, the upper Rejang River and the lower Tubau River, and were traditionally headhunters. They are well known for their boat making skills, which they carve from a single block of belian, the strongest of the tropical hardwoods.
Although many Kayan have become Christians, some still practise paganistic beliefs, but these are very rare today[citation needed].
The Lun Bawang are indigenous to the highlands of East Kalimantan, Brunei (Temburong District), southwest of Sabah (Interior Division) and northern region of Sarawak (Limbang Division).Lun Bawang people are traditionally agriculturalists and practise animal husbandry such as rearing poultry, pigs and buffaloes. Lun Bawangs are also known to be hunters and fishermen.
With a population of approximately 3000, the Kelabit are inhabitants of Bario - a remote plateau in the Sarawak Highlands, slightly over 1,200 meters above sea level. The Kelabits form a tight-knit community and practise a generations-old form of agriculture. Famous for their rice-farming, they also cultivate a variety of other crops which are suited to the cooler climate of the Highlands of Bario. The Kelabits are closely related to the Lun Bawang.
The Kelabit are predominantly Christian, the Bario Highlands having been visited by Christian missionaries many years ago.
With the population about ~22,000, the Kenyah are inhabitant of Upper Belaga and upper Baram. There are few findings on the exact origin of the Kenyah tribe. Their heartland however, is Long San, along the Baram River and Belaga along Rajang River. Their culture is very similar to that of the Kayan tribe with whom they live in close association. The typical Kenyah village consists of only one longhouse and the people are mainly farmers, planting rice in burnt jungle clearings. With the rapid economic development, especially in timber industry, many of them work in timber camps.
The Penan are the only true nomadic people in Sarawak and are amongst the last of the world's hunter-gatherers.[2] The Penan make their home under the rainforest canopy, deep within the vast expanse of Sarawak's virgin jungle. Even today, the Penan continue to roam the rainforest hunting wild boar and deer with blowpipes. The Penan are skilled weavers and make high-quality rattan baskets and mats. The traditional Penan religion worships a supreme god called Bungan. However, the increasing number who have abandoned the nomadic lifestyle for settlement in longhouses have converted to Christianity.
One of the least known tribes in Sarawak and can be found in upper Tinjar river. Sebob are the first Tinjar settlers along the Tinjar river and it is said that the other tribes came later(migrated) The sebob/chebob tribes occupies up to 6 six longhouse in Tinjar namely; Long Loyang, Long Batan, Long Selapun, Long Pejawai,and Long Subeng.(All these names come from small stream where they lived) Amongst the longhouses, Long Luyang is the longest and most populated Sebob/Chebob settlement.It comprises almost 100 units. Most of these people have migrated and found work in the cities.
Sarawakians practice a variety of religions, including Islam, Christianity, Chinese folk religion (a fusion of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and ancestor worship) and animism. Christianity is the largest religion in culturally and religiously-diverse Sarawak. Religion plays a significant role in nurturing the culture of decency and modesty among Sarawakians. It also reflects and strengthens the identity among various ethnics. For example, Islam reflects the identity of Malay, Chinese religions and Buddha reflects the identity of Chinese and Christianity reflects the identity of most Dayaks (while some still practising animism).
Christianity is the largest religion in Sarawak. Sarawak is the state with the highest percentage of Christians in Malaysia. Major Christian denominations in Sarawak are the Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Methodists, Borneo Evangelical Church (or Sidang Injil Borneo, S.I.B.) and Baptists. Many Sarawakian Christians are non-Malay Bumiputera, ranging from Iban, Bidayuh, Orang Ulu and Melanau.
Denomination of Christians in Sarawak may vary according to their race, although not necessarily true. For example, most Chinese Christians are Methodists, most Ibans and Bidayuhs are either Roman Catholics or Anglicans, while most Orang Ulu are S.I.B.'s. Church plays an important part in shaping morality of the communities, while some Christians views the church as a religious place. Professing Christianity has led to abolishing of some previous rituals by indigenous ethnics such as headhunting, improper disposal of dead bodies, etc. Christians among indigenous ethnics have also embraced many Christian values such as preserving modesty and dedication to God.
Despite being denied aid financially and administratively by the Sarawak government, Christianity has continued to expand the number of followers. Official statistics show that percentage of Christians in Sarawak has increased faster than that of Muslims in Sarawak. In 1960, Muslims outnumbered Christians in Sarawak; over the past half-century, the number of Christians has grown tremendously, due to foreign missionary efforts.
Christianity has also contributed to the betterment of the education system in Sarawak. There were a lot of missionary schools built during 1950s to early 1980s. It has gained popularity throughout Sarawak urban citizens transcending race and religion. Due to federalization of education system, most of these missionary schools have been converted into government national schools. Participation of church in these schools have been reduced, and intake of teachers have been liberalized to follow other national schools. The Malaysian government has allowed the schools to continue using religious symbols on school buildings and teaching Christian values to non-Muslim students.
Christians in Sarawak observe Christian festivals just like their counterparts in other part of the world, namely Christmas, Good Friday, Easter Monday and Ascension of Jesus Christ. However, only Christmas and Good Friday are public holidays in Sarawak.
Islam is the second largest religion in Sarawak. Many Muslims in Sarawak are ethnic Malays. All Malays are designated Muslim by the Malaysian Constitution. Malay culture contributes significantly to Sarawakian Muslim tradition as a whole especially for wedding, circumcision (coming of age ritual), 'majlis doa selamat' etc.
Other ethnic groups which have strong Islamic influence in their traditions are Melanau and Kedayan. Melanaus, depending on region or kampung they live in, are normally either Muslim or Christian (while very little practising pagan). Most of them live in Kuching, Matu, Mukah, Igan and Bintulu. Majority of Melanau profess Muslim.
Kedayan, is another distinct ethnic from Malay and Melanau, but traditionally Muslim. Although small in number, they contribute to a majority of Muslim population in Sibuti and Bekenu district in Miri. Penan, on the other hand, which is part of Orang Ulu tribes, has gradually contributed to rising Muslim population in Sarawak.
Administratively, Islam is under the authority of state Islamic council, which is Majlis Islam Sarawak (MIS), a state government agency. Under MIS, there are various agencies dealing with various aspects of Islam such as Jabatan Agama Islam Sarawak (JAIS), Majlis Fatwa, Baitulmal Sarawak etc. Muslims in Sarawak are very well taken care of in their religious aspect of their life, despite not being the majority in Sarawak.
Although the population of Muslims has increased over the past 40 years, their rate of growth has not matched that of Christians. In 1960, Islam was the largest religion in Sarawak. Apostasy among Muslim converts is common throughout Sarawak. Despite being the state with highest growth of Muslim population in Malaysia, Sarawak may has the highest growth of apostasy among Muslim converts in Malaysia.
Muslims in Sarawak observe all Islamic festivals, such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri (Puasa), Hari Raya Aidiladha (Haji), Awal Muharram and Maulidur Rasul. All these celebrations have been commenced as public holidays in Sarawak. However, Israk Mikraj, Awal Ramadhan and Nuzul Quran, although observed, are not public holidays.
Buddhism is regarded as the main religion of Chinese ethnic in Sarawak. Many of the Sarawakian Chinese community, which comprises the bulk of the Buddhist population, actually practise a mixture of Buddhism, Taoism and Chinese folk religion. As there is no official name for this particular set of beliefs, many followers instead list down their religion as Buddhism, mainly for bureaucratic convenience. Buddhists from other ethnic especially Bumiputera are rare and almost insignificant to be related with.
Buddhism in Sarawak observe Wesak Day. It is a public holiday in Sarawak.
Many Dayak especially Iban continue to practice traditional ceremonies, particularly with dual marriage rites and during the important harvest and ancestral festivals such as Gawai Dayak, Gawai Kenyalang and Gawai Antu.
Other ethnics who still have trace number of animism followers are Melanau and Bidayuh.
Unlike their fellow Peninsular Malaysians, Sarawak Hindus are very small in number. Almost all Hindus in Sarawak are Indians, while some are Chinese. There are less than 10 Hindu temples throughout Sarawak, most of them are located in Kuching and Miri.
Hindus in Sarawak observe Deepavali and Thaipussam. However, none of these festivals are public holidays.
Baha'i is one of the recognized religions in Sarawak. Various races embraced the Baha'i Faith, from Chinese to Iban and Bidayuh, Bisayahs, Penans,Indians but not the Malays or other Muslims.In towns, the majority Baha'i community is often Chinese, but in rural communities, they are of all races, Ibans,Bidayuhs, etc. In some schools, Baha'i associations or clubs for students exist. Baha'i communities are now found in all the various divisions of Sarawak. Baha'i communities do not accept assistance from government or other organisations for activities which are strictly for Baha'is. If, however, these services extend to include non-Baha'is also, e.g. education for children's classes adult literacy, then sometimes the community does accept assistance. The administration of the Baha'i Faith is through local spiritual assemblies. There is no priesthood among the Baha'is. Election is held annually without nomination or electioneering. The Baha'is should study the community and seek those members who display mature experience, loyalty, are knowledgeable in the Faith. There are more than 40,000 Baha'is in more than 250 localities in Sarawak.
Having land area of 124,450 km² spreading between latitude 0° 50′ and 5°N and longitude 109° 36′ and 115° 40′ E, it makes up 37.5% of the land of Malaysia. Sarawak also contains large tracts of tropical rain forest home to an abundance of plant and animal species.
Sarawak is currently divided into eleven Administrative Divisions: Kuching Division, Samarahan Division, Sri Aman Division, Betong Division, Sarikei Division, Sibu Division, Mukah Division, Kapit Division, Bintulu Division, Miri Division and Limbang Division.
The state stretches for some 750 km along the north east coastline of Borneo, interrupted in the north by about 150 km of Brunei coast. Sarawak is separated from the Indonesian part of Borneo (Kalimantan) by ranges of high hills and mountains that are part of the central mountain range of Borneo. These get higher to the north and culminate near the source of the Baram River with the steep Mount Batu Lawi, Mount Mulu in the Park of the same name and Mount Murud with the highest peak in Sarawak.
The major rivers from the south to the north include Sarawak River, the Lupar River, the Saribas River, the Rajang River with 563 km the longest river in Malaysia with the Baleh River branch, the Baram River, the Limbang River that drains into the Brunei Bay as it divides the two parts of Brunei and the Trusan River that also flows into the Brunei Bay.The Sarawak river 2459k2 in area and is the main river flowing through Kuching(the capital).
Sarawak can be divided into three natural regions. The coastal region is rather low lying flat country with large extents of swamps and other wet environments. The hill region provides most of the easily inhabited land. Most of the larger cities and towns have been built in this region. As the swamps make up much of the coast, the ports of Kuching and Sibu have been built some distance from the coast on rivers, while Bintulu and Miri are close to the coast at the only places that the hills stretch right to the China Sea. The third region is the mountain region along the border and with the Kelabit and Murut highlands in the north.
The eastern seaboard of Borneo had been charted (though never settled) by the Portuguese in the early 16th century. The area of today's Sarawak was known to Portuguese cartographers as Cerava. Sarawak had been a loosely governed territory under the control of the Brunei Sultanate in the early 19th century, although for a brief time in the early 17th century Sarawak was self-governed under its first and last Sultan, Sultan Tengah. During the reign of Pangeran Indera Mahkota in 19th century, Sarawak was in chaos[citation needed]. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (1827–1852), the Sultan of Brunei, ordered Pangeran Muda Hashim in 1839 to restore order and it was during this time that James Brooke arrived in Sarawak. Pangeran Muda Hashim initially requested assistance but James Brooke refused. In 1841, James Brooke paid another visit to Sarawak and this time he agreed to assist. Pangeran Muda Hashim signed a treaty in 1841 surrendering Sarawak and Sinian to James Brooke. Thereafter, on 24 September 1841, Pangeran Muda Hashim bestowed the title Governor to James Brooke. He effectively became the Rajah of Sarawak and founded the White Rajah Dynasty of Sarawak, later extending his administration through an agreement with the Sultan of Brunei.
Brooke was appointed Rajah by the Sultan of Brunei on August 18, 1842; originally this territory was just the western end of later Sarawak, around Kuching. He ruled Sarawak until his death in 1868. His nephew Charles Anthoni Johnson Brooke became Rajah after his death; he was succeeded on his death in 1917 by his son, Charles Vyner Brooke, with a provision that Charles should rule in consultation with his brother Bertram Brooke[1]. The territory was greatly expanded under the Brooke dynasty, mostly at the expense of areas nominally under the control of Brunei. In practice Brunei had only controlled strategic river and coastal forts in much of the lost territory, and so most of the gain was at the expense of Muslim warlords and of the de facto independence of local tribes.
The Brooke dynasty ruled Sarawak for a hundred years and became famous as the "White Rajahs", accorded a status within the British Empire similar to that of the rulers of Indian princely states. In contrast to many other areas of the empire, however, the Brooke dynasty was intent on a policy of paternalism to protect the indigenous population against exploitation. They governed with the aid of the Muslim Malay and enlisted the Ibans and other "Dayak" as a contingent militia. They also encouraged the immigration of Chinese merchants but forbade the Chinese to settle outside of towns in order to minimize the impact on the Dayak way of life. They also established the Sarawak Museum, the first museum in Borneo.
In the early part of 1941 preparations were afoot to introduce a new constitution, designed to limit the power of the Rajah and give the people of Sarawak a greater say in government. Despite this democratic intention, the draft constitution contained defects and improprieties, not least by reason of a secret agreement drawn up between Charles Vyner Brooke and his top government officials, by which he was to be financially compensated for this gesture out of treasury funds.[citation needed]
Japan invaded Sarawak and occupied the island of Borneo in 1941, occupying Miri on December 16 and Kuching on December 24, and held it for the duration of World War II until the area was secured by Australian forces in 1945. The Rajah, Charles Vyner Brooke, formally ceded sovereignty to the British Crown on July 1, 1946, under pressure from his wife among others. In addition the British Government offered a healthy pension to sweeten the negotiations. His nephew Anthony continued to claim sovereignty as Rajah of Sarawak.
After the end of the Second World War, Anthony Brooke then opposed the cession of the Rajah's territory to the British Crown, and was associated with anti-secessionist groups in Sarawak. Anthony was banished from the country. He was allowed to return only seventeen years later, when Sarawak became part of Malaysia. Sarawak became a British colony (formerly an independent state under British protection) in July 1946, but Brooke's campaign continued. The Malays in particular resisted the cession to Britain, dramatically assassinating the first British governor.
Sarawak was officially granted independence on July 22, 1963,[2] and was admitted into the federation of Malaysia on September 16, 1963, to the initial opposition from parts of the population. Sarawak was also a flashpoint during the Indonesian Confrontation between 1962 and 1966
HAVANA, Cuba - Seorang rakyat Cuba, Erick Hernandez mendakwa mencipta rekod dunia menimang bola Jabulani, yang digunakan di Piala Dunia sambil duduk.
Hernandez berkata: ''Saya telah menimang bola Jabulani yang dikritik hebat oleh bintang bola sepak dunia dengan sempurna, tanpa sebarang halangan dalam masa tiga jam, tiga minit dan 14 saat di sebuah hotel di Havana.
''Saya melakukannya dengan sedikit kepenatan selepas banyak melakukan pertunjukan sempena Piala Dunia,'' katanya yang berumur 43 tahun dan menggunakan nama samaran The Dominator.
Hernandez, yang merupakan penyokong Brazil, menyatakan Jabulani mempunyai lantunan yang baik dan amat sesuai untuk digunakan.
Beliau sebelum, dia memegang rekod dunia melakukan tandukan sebanyak 319 kali dalam masa seminit.
Dia juga mencatat rekod menyepak sebiji bola ke garisan penamat dalam satu pertandingan maraton, sejauh 42 kilometer dalam masa tujuh jam 17 minit.
Kemahiran menimang bola yang diwarisi daripada keluarganya turut melibatkan abangnya, Dauglas, yang turut melakukan sesuatu yang menarik ketika menyentuh bola sebanyak 100,026 kali dalam masa 15 jam pada tahun 1997.
Sekarang, Erick mengatakan dia mahu mencuba dalam masa 24 jam tahun ini.TOKYO - Pemain pertahanan Jepun, Yuichi Komano (gambar) dipertimbangkan untuk diberikan pingat, selepas dia gagal menyempurnakan sepakan penalti sekali gus menyebabkan Jepun tersingkir dari Piala Dunia pada pusingan kedua.
Gabenor tempat kelahiran pemain itu, Wakayama memberitahu media semalam bahawa beliau mahu menganugerahkan pingat kepada Komano atas usahanya di Afrika Selatan.
"Kami mahu menganugerahkan Komano pingat untuk memberikan orang ramai impian dan emosi," kata Yoshinobu Nisaka, yang menyaksikan kekalahan Jepun di tangan Paraguay di kawasan awam bersama ibu Komano.
Pingat itu lebih kepada untuk menghiburkan Komano selepas dia gagal menyempurnakan sepakan penalti ketiga Jepun ketika menentang Paraguay.
"Saya hanya menundukkan kepala ke lantai selepas itu tetapi rakan sepasukan memberi sokongan kepada saya.
"Tulio (Pemain Pertahanan) turut memberitahu saya bahawa dia mungkin akan melakukan perkara sama jika diberi tanggungjawab besar itu. Ia sekurang-kurangnya membolehkan saya boleh mengangkat kepala ketika pulang ke tanah air," jelas Komano.  |
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PORT ELIZABETH - Brazil terpaksa menangguhkan impian untuk menjulang Piala Dunia buat kali keenam, sekurang-kurangnya sehingga edisi 2014 di bumi sendiri setelah rebah kepada Belanda 1-2 dekat Stadium Nelson Mandela Bay, semalam.
Bintang AC Milan, Wesley Sneijder merupakan individu yang bertanggungjawab menunjukkan jalan pulang kepada Brazil setelah menjaringkan gol kemenangan pasukannya pada minit ke-67.
Terdahulu, hantaran panjangnya ke kotak penalti lawan pada minit ke-53 menjadi punca Felipe Melo tertanduk bola ke gawang sendiri untuk gol penyamaan Belanda setelah Brazil mendahului melalui gol awal Robinho pada minit ke-9.
Sneijder ketika ditemui wartawan selepas perlawanan memberitahu pasukannya mempunyai kelebihan ke atas Brazil ekoran lawan ditemui sebelum ini mengamalkan permainan terbuka, sama seperti wakil Amerika Selatan itu.
"Sejak dari perlawanan pertama di sini, kami telah bertemu dengan lawan yang mengamalkan corak permaianan terbuka dan membuka ruang untuk kami bergerak. Ia merupakan satu kelebihan.
"Beza antara Belanda dengan Brazil amat tipis. Saya fikir kami boleh menang dan mempunyai segala yang diperlukan untuk ke separuh akhir walaupun sedar akan berdepan lawan yang gagah," katanya.
Brazil bagaimanapun lebih dulu melaung amaran pada minit ke-7 apabila Robinho mudah menolak bola ke gawang tidak dikawal setelah penjaga gol Belanda, Maarten Stekelenburg tewas dengan gerakan diatur Dani Alves.
Namun, keraian Brazil terhenti setelah penjaga garisan berjaya mengesan kedudukan ofsaid Alves sewaktu menanti bola hantaran rakan sepasukan di tengah padang.
Cuma dua minit berselang, kem Brazil kembali gamat setelah hantaran terus Melo kepada Robinho mudah disudahkan penyerang lincah itu dengan tolakan yang memperdaya Stekelenburg.
Jika tidak kerana kecemerlangan Stekelenburg melayangkan badan untuk menepis bola, Brazil mungkin memperoleh gol kedua menerusi sepakan lencong bintang tengahnya, Kaka pada minit ke-30.
Kerancakan permainan bersambung sebaik selepas rehat dan Belanda tidak menunggu lama untuk menyamakan kedudukan menerusi gerakan Sneijder.
Hantaran panjangnya ke dalam kotak penalti lawan membawa kekeliruan kepada penjaga gol Brazil, Julio Cesar dan Felipe Melo yang bersaing sesama sendiri bagi menyelamatkan keadaan. Kekalutan itu menyaksikan Melo akhirnya tertanduk bola ke gawang sendiri untuk gol pertama Belanda.
Minit ke-67, Sneijder sekali lagi menjadi racun buat Brazil apabila menanduk masuk bola tandukan ke belakang Dirk Kuyt hasil sepakan sudut Arjen Robben untuk gol kedua Oranje.
Luka Brazil kian parah setelah Melo dilayangkan kad merah pada minit ke-73 kerana memijak paha Robben meskipun pengadil telah meniup wisel bagi menghentikan perlawanan. Keputusan tersebut sekali gus menyukarkan skuad samba untuk mencari gol penyamaan sehingga tamat perlawanan. - Agensi
Status syarikat pembalakan akan dikenal pasti sebelum tindakan diambil
KUCHING: Jabatan Hutan Sarawak (JHS) memberi jaminan akan menyiasat dakwaan penduduk di Long Sebayang Ulu di Limbang mengatakan hak mereka dicabuli oleh sebuah syarikat pembalakan terkemuka di daerah itu.
Pengarahnya, Datuk Len Talif Salleh berkata statussyarikat pembalakan dan kawasan terbabit perlu dikenal pasti terlebih dahulu sebelum sebarang tindakan sewajarnya diambil.
“Jabatan Hutan akan membuat siasatan berhubung dakwaan ini tetapi sebelum itu kita harus mengetahui lokasi sebenar dan syarikat pembalakan yang dimaksudkan.
“Buat masa ini kita tidak boleh mengatakan sama adapembalakan haram wujud di situ, siapa salah atau siapa benar kerana siasatan terperinci harus dilakukan sebelum sebarang keputusan dibuat,” katanya.
Len Talif berkata demikian apabila ditanya mengenai dakwaan kaum Lun Bawang,Tabun, Kelabit dan Penan (LTKP) yang mendiami Long Sebayang Ulu, Limbang, bahawa mereka ditindas syarikat pembalakan yang beroperasi di daerah itu.
Menurut Ketua Masyarakat dan Kaum LTKP Penghulu Anderas Etong dalam kenyataannya kepada Utusan Borneo Isnin lepas, syarikat berkenaan telah membina dua pagar besi dan rotan di kawasan tanah yang dikatakan tanah Hak Adat Bumiputera (NCR) milik penduduk di situ sehingga menghalang urusan harian mereka.
Malah Anderas mendakwa syarikat berkenaan menebang dan menjual kayu belian dalam kawasan itu secara haram.
Mengenai dakwaan penduduk di situ mengatakan syarikat balak terbabit membina pagar dalam kawasan tanah NCR mereka Len Talif yang juga Timbalan Setiausaha Tetap Kementerian Pengurusan dan Perancangan Sumber menasihati penduduk di kawasan terbabit menyemakstatus tanah (NCR) mereka dengan Jabatan Tanah Dan Survei (JTS)Peningkatan kes jenayah seks di kalangan remaja dorong Perema adakan Bengkel Pembangunan Remaja I’m In Control
KESEDARAN: Manaf (duduk lima kiri) dan pegawai lain merakam kenangan bersama peserta Bengkel Pembangunan Remaja I’m In Control semalam.
LIMBANG:Peningkatan jumlah kes jenayah seks di kalangan remaja di seluruh negara mendorong Pertubuhan Pembangunan Remaja Malaysia (Perema) untuk mengadakan Bengkel Pembangunan Remaja I’m In Control bagi menangani penularan seks bebas.
Pengerusinya Datuk Manaf Daud berkata bengkel berkenaan amat bersesuaian untuk memberi kesedaran dan pengetahuan kepada golongan remaja mengenai kesihatan reproduktif dan seksualiti.
Selain itu katanya, mereka juga diberi kemahiran untuk menangani dan mencegah tindakan berisiko tinggi yang mengundang kepada kehamilan yang tidak dingini serta masalah seksualiti remaja seperti penyakit jangkitan seksual.
“Melalui bengkel ini kami mensasarkan untuk menjadikan kumpulan sasar melibatkan golongan remaja sebagai pembimbing dan penasihat rakan sebaya.
“Peranan mereka adalah untuk memberi nasihat dan motivasi kepada golongan remaja lain agar tidak terlibat dengan salah laku seksual yang boleh memporak-perandakan kehidupan anak remaja,” katanya ketika ditemui Utusan Borneo dalam Bengkel Pembangunan Remaja I’m In Control di sini semalam.
Seramai 50 remaja di daerah ini menyertai bengkel tersebut yang berlangsung selama dua hari dan berakhir semalam.
Hadir sama ialah wakil Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara, (LPPKN) Sarawak Helman Penie dan fasilitator bengkel iaitu Mohd Badrulzaman Suhaili, Alpijun Ali dan Syarifah Nurul Azah Syeikh Ahmad.
Manaf menambah Limbang dipilih sebagai destinasi pertama bagi kawasan Malaysia Timur untuk mengadakan bengkel tersebut sekali gus mendedahkan remaja di sini agar jangan melakukan seks bebas sebelum kahwin.
“Pemilihan Limbang amat bertepatan dengan usaha kerajaan untuk menangani penularan jenayah seks yang dikaitkan dengan pelbagai hiburan yang ada.
“Malah usaha untuk membendung dan menangani perbuatan tersebut amat perlu kerana ia boleh menyebabkan kesan negatif lain termasuk hamil di luar nikah, pengguguran haram, pembuangan bayi dan kes-kes lain,” ujarnya.
Katanya bengkel tersebut juga akan diperluaskan dan diadakan lebih kerap kepada golongan remaja di seluruh negara.
“Diharap golongan remaja dapat membendung jenayah seks melalui pendedahan dan kesedaran tentang bahaya dan natijah jenayah seks bebas,” jelasnya.
SIBU: A housewife from Rh Pagang, Nanga Nyimpoh, in Katibas, Song is pleading to her husband to return home for the sake of their son.
Dominic Chan Ing Hiang
Lemie Engkiran, 33, lodged a police report saying her husband Dominic Chan Ing Hiang, 40, from Mukah had been missing for seven months.
“We were married six years ago,” she said, but admitted that they were not properly registered.
“We have a six-month-old boy now.”
Lemie told police that her husband had previously said he wanted to work offshore in Terengganu.
“The last text message (SMS) from him was on May 4.
“Until now, I have received nothing from him,” she said.
Lemie said her husband had not given her money for three months.
Anyone who knows Chan’s whereabouts can contact Lemie at 0145760229 or the nearest police stationDalam section tu, aku deka nguji mandang ka sakeda senyata ke dikena bansa kitai Iban nyaga menoa kitai kelia. Nyadi penemu ka dibantai aku ditu nya ulih aku mutik ari article ti udah dipublish orang bukai tauka penemu ulih aku betanya sabelah menoa lalu ukai penemu ti ulih ngumpul ari orang ke landik pasal senyata kitai Iban. Nya alai enti kita bisi penemu ti dalam pasal senyata ti dikena kitai Iban nyaga menoa diri empu, kita tau e-mail ngagai aku di Ank_iban@yahoo.com ngambi ka disimpan aku ba website aku ditu.
1. Nyabur
Nyabur tu senyata ti pemadu iya besai reti ba pengawa kitai Iban. Nyabur tu ukai semina dikena kitai nyaga menoa, tang senyata tu mega dikena kitai ngadu ka pengawa gawai kitai Iban baka pengawa bebunoh babi (leboh niki ka orang mati ngagai rumah, leboh ngadu ka orang jadi salah serak, leboh munoh manok leboh meri anak mandi ba pendai, dikena mayar ukom tunggu ti berat, etc).
Nyabur tu enda tau digaga orang sengapa enti orang nya nadai kala badengah. Kabuah pia laban nyabur tu bisi sigi ukir keruit ti dikumbai “Butuh Kunding” (fern shoot). Nyadi ukir tu ditempa ba baruh rekong nyabur lalu ukir tu semina tau ditempa orang ke udah badengah (basah jari). Ulu iya juring serta panjai ari baruh. Nyabur tu nadai diukir baka duku ilang.
2. Langgai Tinggang tauka Nyabur Indu.
Enti orang nadai udah basah jari, iya semina tau ngaga mata nyabur nya aja lalu enda tau ngaga “butuh kunding”. Nyabur nya dikumbai orang “Langgai Tinggang” tauka “Nyabur Indu” lalu tau diukir baka duku ilang.
Langgai Tinggang (means the longest tail of a hornbill) tu senyata ti nyau deka sabaka enggau nyabur. Ulu iya sabaka enggau ulu duku ilang. Keruit iya segala lalu ditempa kira dua tunjok penyauh ari rekong duku. Enti iya nadai ditempa ka orang keruit, nyabur nya dikumbai nyabur indu. Keruit segala tu nadai pemali di tempa orang ke apin basah jari. Tang taja pia, jarang orang ke baru nemu ngamboh deka nguji ka bulu diri nempa keruit t
Nyabong - Iban Favorite Pastimes
In this section I hope to compile as much as possible, all the traditional and favourite pastimes of the Iban people. I will attempt to discuss in detail its origin and its role in the Iban way of life. Such pastimes includes playing marbles (guli), playing catch with river stones (serimban or selingkut), spinning tops (gasing), sword dance (bapencha), Iban martial art (kuntau), fighting with knees (pangka attak), wrestling of various forms (bechekak, bibat, bibat lengan, bepancha), war dances of various forms (ngajat), cock-fighting, body tattoo, batak lampong, ngayap (Iban traditional form of courting), various methods of hunting, fishing & trapping, and many others that anyone can think of. This section is to be kept open to all who wants to contribute their article for preservation.
Sa, Dua, Tiga, Empat, Lima, Enam, Tuuuuujoh.
Enda aku busong ilang laya,
Megai langgai manok banda,
Kena aku miau ading piring pinang saleka,
Laban aku tu nampong jako sera nyawa,
Enggi aki kitai Rekaya,
Iya endang landik ngajar kitai bebasa,
Ka semua bala pengabang.
Enda aku busong laya pambu,
Megai langgai manok kelabu,
Kena aku miau ading piring kapu,
Laban aku tu endang nitih ka ajar nampong jako,
Enggi aki kitai Rekaya Jamban Atu,
Iya landik ngajar kitai bebasa ngena jako,
Nadai kala saru bekalih tunsang.
Aku tu miau sida Dara Santih bunsu Sirih ke tumboh betumbok takang,
Dara Chelum Bunsu Tum Sedi lulun atas bedilang,
Dara Bagau Bunsu Semakau rendang dagang,
Dara Sandu Bunsu Gentu daun pisang,
Sida tu sama udah digempuru ditu datai magang.
Aku tu mega miau sida Kumang Dara Simbut,
Bunsu Pulut Jantan Jentawang,
Bunsu penganan baka bulan rerak rumpang,
Dara Letup baka tangkup bunga kejumpang,
Enggau Endu Tematu Tali Betabu,
Bunsu Telu Manok indu kepayang mekang.
Nya alai letup pan udah ga chukop,
Asi pan udah ga bisi,
Pinang udah ga chukup magang,
Samoa perengka pan udah ga sedia,
Ditiap genap nadai timpang.
Nya baru aku ngangau ka sida ke tindok nakal singit,
Bejalai ngena burit,
Nya ga Bunsu Chapak Burak,
Ba-ukir ilak kesulai tandang.
Kita nya meh ka diasa nerima bala pengabang,
Diasoh nabi samoa orang.
Ooooooooooooooha! x 1
Tak lalu ketawa balat gaga,
Ading piring pinang saleka,
Udah dibiau enggau selanjau ijau manok banda,
Gaga diasoh nabi meri basa ngagai Petara,
Ke datai ari Tuchong Sandong Gemala,
Di bukit lilit Gerija,
Alai semuka dudok sembayang.
Nya orang ngembuan batu sedan bulan pernama,
Enggau batu takang bintang tiga,
Ambi ka ubat penyangga nyawa maioh pampang saribu guna,
Ngasoh panjai umor nguan menoa.
Lalu ketawa gaga rindu,
Pamping ading piring kapu,
Udah dibiau enggau selanjau ijau manok kelabu,
Nganti Apai Migu,
Datai ari munggu madang engkajang.
Nya orang ngembuan batu pupu gigi gumbang,
Ubat landik bejako ba gulu tugong orang.
Tak ketawa tuchum Dara Chelum,
Bunsu Tum Sedi Lulun atas bedilang,
Udah dibiau enggau selanjau ijau manok sigon,
Gaga nganti penatai Liba apai Dom,
Datai ari pun kara nurun maioh betunjang.
Tak depan-depan ketawa ading piring penganan,
Udah dikebau enggau selanjau manok jelayan,
Gaga nganti penatai Ini Andan,
Datai ari bulan ke meruan tuang-tuang,
Nya orang ke ngembuan ubat jadian mali langkang.
Tak lalu ketawa gagit deh piring pulut mit,
Udah dikebau enggau selanjau ijau manok kunchit,
Nganti penatai sida Apai Sabit Bekait,
Ari punggang tisi langit.
Nya orang ngembuan batu pengait,
Dikena ngulih ka duit mata wang.
Ketawa gaga amat asi ketupat,
Laban udah kena biau enggau selanjau ijau manok kepiat,
Nganti Kumang Dayang Sambat,
Indu orang di urat dandi nentang,
Nya ga indu pandai di pechunggai tunjok empat,
Landik ngebat tukang tengkebang.
Ketawa chaie-chaie ading piring sungki,
Udah kena kebau enggau selanjau ijau manok pungka laki,
Gaga nganti penatai Keling Aji,
Datai ari tuchong engkeraji padi,
Munyi negeri maioh orang.
Nya orang ke berani ati mutus kempang.
Piring rendai pan ketawa terai-terai,
Udah dibiau enggau selanjau ijau manok tawai,
Gaga nganti Raja Selampandai,
Datai ari menoa iya di Tatai Tanah Nyadai,
Redai terabai rampai temiang.
Nya orang ke ngembuan batu nyiur nyuntai,
Enggau batu bingka lia mulai,
Nya ga ubat besai ngasoh gerai,
Tau mudah bulih utai,
Ngasoh gayu guru gerai nyamai.
Ketawa gaga ading piring penganan jala,
Udah dikebau enggau selanjau ijau manok banda,
Gaga nganti Raja Simpulang Gana,
Datai ari Letong Jalong Temaga,
Tinggang bunga nuyan meranggang,
Nya orang ti ngembuan leka sesangga tepang,
Enggau taring uting babi menoa,
Kena kitai ngintu simpuli padi paya,
Ngambi ka tak sebaka manah magang.
Lalu taong-taong munyi ketawa ading pimping piring tepong,
Udah di kebau enggau selanjau ijau manok tuntong,
Gaga nganti penatai Aki Lang Menaul Buban,
Ari engkeleman bulan mandang,
Aki Lang Menaul Tuntong,
Ari Kebong Langit Ngeruang,
Nya orang ke ngembuan batu pugu danau kampong,
Pengantong upong balang beraang,
Enggau ubat mali rampong,
Ngasoh betampong tau serang.
Panjai ai, panjai kekira,
Luas langit, luas dunya,
Pegai tegoh batu indu gemala,
Ngambi ka tampak nama,
Jelai berita dinga orang bap dunya bumi belinggang.
Gayu ko antu,
Nadai apa ko Petara,
Semua kitai bulih pengelantang.
Ooooooooha ! x 3
Note:
Udah tembu miau tu, perengka piring pan lalu dibagi ba dalam siti-siti chapak. Udah genap piring dibagi, nya baru nyampi ngangau ka petara, bunsu antu enggau petara aki petara ini ke udah parai. Sida tu diasoh datai ngabang nitih ka bansa pengawa gawai kitai.
Perengka dikena ngaga piring biasa:
Chara magi tauka mela piring:
![[2]](http://www.kent.ac.uk/anthropology/department/staff/darioN/Penan_monkey.jpg){kind=link}